Theravada Buddhism is the oldest surviving school of Buddhism, tracing its roots back to the teachings of the Buddha over 2,500 years ago. From its origin in India, Theravada spread to Sri Lanka and then across mainland Southeast Asia, shaping the spiritual, cultural, and political life of the region for centuries.

The spread of Theravada Buddhism to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia began around the 11th–13th centuries, often replacing earlier forms of Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, and indigenous animist traditions. One of the most significant moments was during the reign of King Anawrahta of the Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar), who adopted Theravada Buddhism from Sri Lanka and promoted it as the state religion. This influence flowed into neighboring kingdoms through diplomacy, trade, and monastic exchanges.

In Thailand, the Sukhothai Kingdom embraced Theravada in the 13th century, leading to the construction of iconic temples and the development of Thai Buddhist art and literature. In Cambodia, Theravada gradually replaced Mahayana Buddhism after the decline of the Khmer Empire, influencing the religious landscape that still dominates the country today. Laos adopted Theravada as a unifying cultural and spiritual force during the Lan Xang Kingdom, with monasteries becoming centers of education and community life.

Theravada Buddhism emphasized the Pali Canon, meditation, monastic discipline, and the path to enlightenment through individual practice. Its presence deeply influenced local art, architecture, literature, and moral codes. Pagodas, stupas, and murals across the region reflect centuries of devotion, and Buddhist festivals remain vital parts of cultural identity.

Today, Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in much of Southeast Asia, shaping the worldview of millions. Its journey from ancient India to the heart of Southeast Asia stands as a testament to the enduring power of spiritual traditions to transcend borders and time.

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