⚡ Class 10 Science – Towards Green Energy

This chapter explains how we generate electricity, the problems of using fossil fuels, and why the world is moving towards green, renewable energy.

👉 Key Topics Covered:

Principle of Electricity Generation

Electromagnetic induction (Michael Faraday).

Role of turbines & generators.

Conventional Power Plants

Thermal Power Plant – Uses coal, produces steam to run turbines.

Nuclear Power Plant – Uses nuclear fission (Uranium, Plutonium).

Natural Gas Plant – Gas at high temperature & pressure runs turbines.

✅ Problems: Air pollution, limited reserves, global warming, acid rain, nuclear waste, accidents.

Green Energy Sources 🌱

Hydroelectricity – Uses water reservoirs & dams.

Wind Energy – Wind turbines convert kinetic energy to electricity.

Solar Energy – Solar cells (photovoltaic effect) & solar thermal plants.

Biofuels & other renewable sources.

✅ Advantages: Renewable, clean, sustainable.
❌ Limitations: High cost, location dependence (e.g. wind & solar need specific conditions).

Energy and Environment

Burning fossil fuels → CO₂, SO₂, NOx, soot → pollution & global warming.

Renewable sources are eco-friendly and help reduce environmental damage.

🔑 Exam-Oriented Highlights:

Differences: Conventional vs Non-conventional energy, Thermal vs Solar thermal plants.

Diagrams: Thermal, Nuclear, Hydroelectric, Wind, Solar power plants.

Definitions: Green energy, Electromagnetic induction, Renewable energy.

Long answers: Energy conversions in different plants, Advantages of renewable energy.

Reasoning Qs: Why control fission reaction? Why is saving energy necessary?

✅ In summary:
This chapter shows how electricity is produced, why fossil fuels are harmful, and why renewable energy is the future. Students must focus on diagrams, energy conversions, and advantages/limitations of each method for exa